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A Message From Out There?

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abell33.jpg

Have We Received

A Message From Out There?

 

BACKGROUND

   More and more evidence is interfering with old concepts of the Universe.  It wasn’t so long ago when we thought everything was what we were detecting in our own galaxy and those fuzzy little lights "beyond" were not really "beyond."  Well, they were.

   We also thought the expansion of the Universe was slowing down.  Well, it wasn’t.  We also didn’t know if there were other planetary systems.  Well, there are — and evidently in rather large numbers.

   We also once thought that life, and intelligent life in particular, might be unique to our planet alone.  Well, we are slowly learning that we just may not be so unique after all.

   And now we are beginning to get that intriguing feeling that we really are probably not alone.  In fact, all that we are learning very strongly suggests that we may be verifying this sooner than you might imagine.

   Carl Sagan suggested we might first encounter alien life in our own solar system, on other planets or other moons. We may be making that discovery within the lifetime of some of the original readers of these words.  And then, what will be next?

   The mathematics of it all is staggering.  Consider the common occurrence of planetary systems, stable stars that can be expected to be very nurturing for life, when there are appropriate planets within the "habitable zone," and then consider the billions of stars in our galaxy and the billions of galaxies in the known Universe.  And then take into account the fact that the laws of nature we are beginning to understand, seem to be a universal constant throughout it all.

   The mathematics brings one to about the only conclusion that can be found — that life, of every possible type and all possible levels, is most certainly a fairly common occurrence.  Consider it as an expression of "cosmic pluralism" if you like.  Consider it in any manner you want to, but please do consider it — consider it as most likely very real.

   Others have.  Frank Drake and his famous "Drake Equation" is most certainly a consideration of such things. (See our page on this web site about Frank’s contribution.)

   And there was that special digital message sent from Arecibo to the globular star cluster "M13," as our hello to whoever or whatever might be in that neighborhood.  And there were our simple little automatic spaceships heading away from our solar system, with messages from us as well.  And there are the SETI listening projects.  And there is our planet-detecting space telescope array.  And on and on it goes.

   And let us not forget the methane detected on Mars, a gas closely associated with the life process.  And of course there is that Martian meteorite "ALH84001."  It really does seem to have what looks like fossilized bacteria embedded within.

 

FOREGROUND

   Now we come to the "Wow Signal."  On August 15, 1977, at the Ohio State University Radio Observatory/North American AstroPhysical Observatory (NAAPO), Jerry Ehman witnessed the reception and recording of a startlingly strong and seemingly well organized signal from 19h, 17m, 24s (right ascension) and -27d, 03m (declination).  This identifies the source of the signal as coming from the direction of the constellation Sagittarius, in a star system approximately 200 light-years distant.

wowsig.jpg

 

The technical details, in Mr. Ehman’s own words:

"The photo of the computer printout of the "Wow!" source shows not only my handwritten comment ("Wow!") but also the circling of the 6 characters "6EQUJ5: lined up vertically in a column.  What is the meaning of this code?

"Each of the first 50 columns of the computer printout shows the successive values of intensity (or power) received from the Big Ear radio telescope in each channel (10 kHz wide) in successive 12-second intervals (10 seconds were used for actual sampling and another approximately 2 seconds was needed for computer processing).  In order to conserve space on the printout, Bob Dixon and I decided to use a coding method that would result in only one alphanumeric (i.e., either alphabetic or numeric) character for each intensity.  The computer was programmed to keep a continuously-updated account for each channel of a baseline value and an rms value (rms stands for "root mean square," which is equivalent to the statistical tern "standard deviation"). The actual intensity (after the baseline value was subtracted out) was then divided by the rms value to obtain a scaled value (i.e., the number of standard deviations above the baseline).  Since there was space for only one character to be displayed, we decided to take only the integer value of this scaled intensity for values in the range 0 to 9.999... .  The truncated value of zero was printed as a blank (space).  The truncated value of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and 9 were printed directly.  For scaled intensities of 10 to 35, inclusive, the capital letters of the alphabet were used.  Thus a truncated value of 10 was printed as an "A," 11 as a "B," etc.  If the scaled intensity ever got to 36.0 or above, the program would simply start over again at zero (e.g., a truncated value of 38 would be printed the same as that of 38-35=3, namely a "3").

"Thus, the "6EQUJ5" code in cannel 2 means successive intensities as follows:

Signal-To-Noise Ratios (S/N)

6 –> the range 6.0 - 6.999...

E –> the range 14.0 - 14.999...

Q –> the range 26.0 - 26.999...

U –> the range 30.0 - 30.999...

J –> the range 19.0 - 19.999...

5 –> the range 5.0 - 5.999...

"The value "U," meaning the range 30.0 - 30.999..., was the largest value ever seen.  We do not believe that the intensity ever got above 31.0 and hence no rollover (subtraction of 35) ever occurred.  It would have been easy to spot in a sequence of 6 or 7 numbers that should follow the antenna pattern of the telescope.

"The six successive values in channel 2 fit the antenna pattern of Big Ear very well.  I have also done a correlation analysis of the six data points with the mathematical functions:  (1) gaussian = normal curve; and  (2)( sin (x)/x^2.  The data fit each of those two functions very well with correlation coefficients of over 0.99 (i.e., almost a perfect fit).  I also fit the data to each of the two actual antenna patterns (of the two horns) using the moderately strong radio source OY372.  The correlation coefficients were again over 0.99.  There was not enough difference between the two correlation coefficients to determine which horn the "Wow!" source was received in."

[ End of Mr. Ehman’s information. ]

 

   Just what might all of this mean in more common English?  It really does seem to very strongly suggest that a brief burst of rather high-energy, sophisticated communication was received.  (It was never repeated and no Earth signal was found to be responsible.)

   What might it have been?  It may have been what many suggest we might first discover in the way of intelligent communication — a signal meant for their own consumption.  Perhaps it was a brief burst of data intended for a spaceship or a planet that just happened to be lined up so that the tight beam would also eventually intersect Earth a couple of centuries later.

   So, the next time you look up at the star-studded night sky, keep in mind, somebody or something may be looking back.  In fact, somebody or something is most likely looking back, and also wondering if there is anybody else out there.

 

--- Tal D. Noble

 
 
 
 
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